HIV( Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome)ह्युमन इम्युनोडेफिशिएंसी वायरस

What is a simple definition of HIV?

(human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that attacks the body's immune system. If HIV is not treated, it can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). There is currently no effective cure. Once people get HIV, they have it for life. But with proper medical care, HIV can be controlled.

Symptoms of HIV Infections

(1)Headache
(2)Diffculty in concentrationing
(3)lymphnode swelling
(4)skin rashes
(5)fever
(6)Night sweats
(7)Dry cough
(8)Pneumonia
(9)sore throat
(10)Nausea
(11) Vomiting
(12) Diarrhoea
(13) Muscle Pain
(14) Nail Thickening and covering
(15) Joint Pain
(16) Weight loss and Fatigue

MonkeyPox Virus Disease Complete Information!

What is monkeypox disease?

Monkeypox is a rare disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. Monkeypox virus is part of the same family of viruses as variola virus, the virus that causes smallpox. Monkeypox symptoms are similar to smallpox symptoms, but milder, and monkeypox is rarely fatal. Monkeypox is not related to chickenpox.

What are the signs and symptoms of monkeypox?

After exposure, it may be several days to a few weeks before you develop symptoms. Early signs of monkeypox include flu-like symptoms like:
Fever.
Chills.
Headache.
Muscle aches.
Fatigue.
Swollen lymph nodes.

How is monkeypox diagnosed?

Because monkeypox is rare, your healthcare provider may first suspect other rash illnesses, such as measles or chickenpox. But swollen lymph nodes usually distinguish monkeypox from other poxes.
To diagnose monkeypox, your healthcare provider takes a tissue sample from an open sore (lesion). Then they send it to a lab for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing (genetic fingerprinting). You may also need to give a blood sample to check for the monkeypox virus or antibodies your immune system makes to it.

Is monkeypox curable?

Monkeypox is usually a self-limited disease with symptoms lasting from two to four weeks. Most people with monkeypox get better on their own without treatment. Following diagnosis, your healthcare provider will monitor your condition and try to relieve your symptoms, prevent dehydration and give you antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections if they develop.
There’s currently not an approved antiviral treatment for monkeypox. Antiviral drugs may help, but they haven’t been studied as a treatment for monkeypox. Several investigational antivirals with activity against monkeypox are available, but only as part of a research study.

How do you prevent monkeypox virus?

A smallpox vaccine provides protection against monkeypox, but its use is currently limited to clinical trials. Prevention depends on decreasing human contact with infected animals and limiting person-to-person spread. The best way to help prevent spread the monkeypox virus is to:
(1)Avoid contact with infected animals (especially sick or dead animals).
(2)Avoid contact with bedding and other materials contaminated with the virus.
(3)Thoroughly cook all foods that contain animal meat or parts.
(4)Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
(5)Avoid contact with people who may be infected with the virus.
(6)Practice safe sex, including the use of condoms and dental dams.
(7)Wear a mask that covers your mouth and nose when around others.
(8)Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces.
(9)Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for people infected with the virus.

How long does monkeypox last?

Monkeypox normally takes about two to four weeks to run its course. If you are exposed to monkeypox, your provider will monitor you until the rash resolves.

Is monkeypox fatal?

The less severe West African clade is causing the current world outbreak (2022). No one has died from this outbreak to date. But, monkeypox can lead to other problems (complications) like pneumonia and infections in your brain (encephalitis) or eyes, which can be fatal.

How do I take care of myself?

If have monkeypox symptoms, there are over-the-counter medications that can help you feel better, including:
(1)Pain relievers and fever reducers. Medicines like ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®) and acetaminophen (Tylenol®) can help you feel better.
(2)Oatmeal baths. Soaking in a warm bath with colloidal oatmeal can relieve the dry, itchy feeling that comes with skin rashes.
(3)Isolate yourself if you’re infected. Avoid contact with others until all your lesions have scabbed.
(4)Cover single or local lesions. Use gauze or bandages to limit spread to others and the environment.
(5)Take good care. It’s important to stay home and rest when you’re sick, wear a mask around others and drink plenty of fluids.
(6)Avoid contact with pets (especially rodents).

When should I see my healthcare provider?

Call your healthcare provider if you:
Feel sick with fever, aches or swollen lymph nodes.
Have a new rash or sores.
Have been in close contact with an infected person.

When should I go to the hospital?

Seek medical care if you develop the following symptoms:
Trouble breathing.
New or worsening chest pain.
Stiff neck.
Are confused or can’t think clearly.
Difficulty speaking or moving.
Loss of consciousness.
Seizures.
NOTE :- TREATMENT ADVISED IN MY BLOG ARE ONLY FOR REFFERENCE FOR STUDY PURPOSE WHICH ARE BASED ON VARIOUS BOOKS and google informations .TREATMENT FOR ANY DISEASES TO BE TAKEN ONLY AFTER CONSULTATION WITH CONSERNED DOCTER . the complete medical cundition of Monkeypox Disease BLOG BY THE NURSING INFORMATION PLEASE SHARE & FOLLOW ME ON MY FACEBOOK PAGE THE NURSING INFORMATION FOR MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE ON EASY MANNER

follow me on my website:- www.the thenursinginformation.blogspot.com

Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)Notes by the Nursing Information

FOLLOW ME ON FACEBOOK PAGE :- THE NURSING INFORMATION

FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM PAGE :- THE NURSING INFORMATION

LOG IN OUR WEBSITE and follow me :- www.thenursinginformation.COM

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE DISEASE

CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE

DEFINITION:-

Heart failure is a condition in which the heart's function as Pump is indicated inadequate to deliever oxygehal blood to the body .

Causes and Risk factors : =

-obesity
-Coronary artery
-Hypertension
-Myocardial Infection ( MI)
-Coronary Artery disease ( CAD)
-kidney failure
. -Smokeing

Classifications:-

-Left Sided Heart failure
-Right Sided Heart failure .
-Acute and corchronic
-High out Put and Low out Put

Right sided heart failure :-

-Liver and spleen enlargement
-Right upper quadrant abnormal Pain.
-Nausea , vomiting
-slow weight gain
-Irregular heart rhythm .

Left Side heart failure : =

-fatigue and shortness of breath .
-Paroxysmal neetural dyspnea .
-orthothea
. -Pulmonary edema
-Astma- like wheezing or dry hacking cough .
-wheezing -Pale cor bluish skin .
-Palpitations, irregular heart rhythm
-weakness , Insumia and Restlessness

Clinical Manifestations =

-orthaPena
-Hacking cough
-Nectural dyspnea

Diagnostic Evaluation : .

-Physical examination and History collection
-chest x - xey
-MRI -Blood test Electro Physiology study
-ECG

Medical Management =

-Assessment of the client and History of collection of the client . A number of medications are prescribed for heart failure and most client will take more than one drug .
-Medications may Be Prescribed to dilate blood vessels , strengthen the heart's pumping reduce water and sodium in the body to lessen the heart's work load .
(1 ) Diuretics : Bumetanide ( Bumex and furosemide ( Lasix ) . )
(2)Angiotensin- converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors : = Ace inhibitors (enalaPril , lisinopril.captopril) inhibit the adverse effects of angiotensian 2nd (Potent vasoconstriction / sodium retention ).
(3) Angiotensin II receptor blocking (ARBs):-Angiotensin II - receptor blockers ( Losartan , and valsartan ) similar to Ace inhibitors Used in client who can not tolerate Ace inhibitors due to cough or angioedema .
(4) Digitalis :-• Positive inotropic agents Digoxin ( Lanoxin ) ] increase the heart's ability to Pump more effectively by improving the contractile force of the muscle . (5) Bita Blockers:- Beta - adrenergic blockers [ cravedilo ! ( Coreg ) , metoProlol ( Low Pressor ) and bisoprolol zebeta ) ] decrease myocardial workload and Protect against fatal dysxhythmias by blocking morett .. nepfixine effects rayocardial workload of the syrthithetic nervous system .
(6) Aldosterone antagonists : Aldosterone antagonists ( spironolacto e and eplerenone ) decrease sodium setention , sympathetic nervous system activation and Cardiac remodeling .
(7 ) vasodilator Thearly : = vasodilator " theary decrease the workload of the heart by dilating . Peripheral vessels . Nitroglycerin , bydralazin = isosorbide , dinitrate and morphine sulphate.

Surgical Management:-
.

-coronary angioPlasty -coronary artery by Pass surgery .
-Implantable cardiac defibrillator ( ICD )
. -Intra aortic balloonepump (IABP).
-Left ventrialar assist device (LVAD ).
-valve repair or value replacement surgery
- Heart transPlantation
. -Pace maker insertion .
. -Cardiac resynchronization thearly (CRT ) or biventricular Pacing.

Nursing Management:-

-The nurse explain sleep disturbances Perticulary sleep suddently interpted by Shortness of breath .
-The nurse also asks about the number of Pillows needed for sleep activitie of daily living and the activity that causes shortness of breath .
-Assess Peripheral arterial Pullies heart rhythum rate and B.P. -Assess Patient for Presence of peripheral edema .
-Assess externities for colour andtemperature .
→ Note result of serum electialytes level and other laboratory test
. -Assess abdomen for hepatomegally and ascites.


NOTE :- TREATMENT ADVISED IN MY BLOG ARE ONLY FOR REFFERENCE FOR STUDY PURPOSE WHICH ARE BASED ON VARIOUS BOOKS .TREATMENT FOR ANY DISEASES TO BE TAKEN ONLY AFTER CONSULTATION WITH CONSERNED DOCTER . the complete medicalcundition of CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE BLOG BY THE NURSING INFORMATION PLEASE SHARE & FOLLOW ME ON MY FACEBOOK PAGE THE NURSING INFORMATION FOR MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE ON EASY MANNER

follow me on my website:- www.the thenursinginformation.blogspot.com

Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)Notes by the Nursing Information

FOLLOW ME ON FACEBOOK PAGE :- THE NURSING INFORMATION

FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM PAGE :- THE NURSING INFORMATION

LOG IN OUR WEBSITE and follow me :- www.thenursinginformation.COM

HYPERTENSION HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE COMPLETE BLOG

INTRODUCTION:-

It is a most common disorder in cardiovascular system mainly seeing in a old age it is due to loss of elasticity of veins and artery ,excess dispostion of fat.

Definition:-

It is a persistent increase in blood pressure systolic 140 and diastolic 90 and above. It is called the silent killer because usually don't have any symptoms when blood pressure is too much high.

Causes:-

(1) Age
(2) Stress
(3) Alcohol and tobaco chewing
(4) smoking
(5) Obesity
(6) Family History
(7) Excessive intake of salt
(8) Excessive consuption of tea and coffee
(9) Metabolic disorder
(10) lack of physical exercise

SIGN AND SYMPTOMS:-

(1) High blood pressure
(2) Severe headache and Blood Vision
(3) Swelling of lymphedema (swelling in legs and hands)
(4) Dyspnea ( shortness of breath)
(5) Retinal changes
(6) Hemiplagia ( one side body paralysis)
(7) Heart attack
(8) Epistaxis (nose bleeding)
(9) Kidney Failure
(10) eye danage with progressive vision loss

Medical Management:-

(1) Diuretics:- - lasix
- furosemide
(2) Betablockers:- - Propenol
- Atenolol
- Bisoprolol
- metaprolol
(3) Aceinhibiters:-- Captopril
- Ramipril
- Fosinopril
- Lisinopril
- Enalapril
- Benazepril
- Perindopril
- Auinapril
(4) Calcium Channel Blocker:- - Nifedipine
- Nicardipine
- varapamil
(5) Vasodilators:-- Nitrogltyceriin
- Hydrolazine

Nursing Management:--

- Explain the meaining of High Blood Pressure risk factors and about treatment to the patient.
- Provide calm and quit environment.
- Eveluate Blood pressure every hourly.
- maintain accurate intake and out put chart.
- teach the patient to change the position every hourly.
- Provide salt restricted diet and cholesterol restricted diet to Patient.
- Instruct strictly to the patient to take green leafy vegetable.
NOTE :- TREATMENT ADVISED IN MY BLOG ARE ONLY FOR REFFERENCE FOR STUDY PURPOSE WHICH ARE BASED ON VARIOUS BOOKS .TREATMENT FOR ANY DISEASES TO BE TAKEN ONLY AFTER CONSULTATION WITH CONSERNED DOCTER . PLEASE FOLLOW ME ON MY WEBSITE :- www.thenursinginformation.blogspot.com

Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)Notes by the Nursing Information

FOLLOW ME ON FACEBOOK PAGE :- THE NURSING INFORMATION

FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM PAGE :- THE NURSING INFORMATION

LOG IN OUR WEBSITE and follow me :- www.thenursinginformation.COM

Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure) Complete Blog by the Nursing Information

Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)

Definition: -

Low blood pressure hypotension occur when blood pressure during and after each heart beat is much lower than usual this means the heart brain and other parts of the body do not get through blood .

Types of Hypotension:-

(1) Mild

(2) Moderate

(3) Severe

Causes: -

(1) Excessive Blood loss.

(2) hypothermia (low body temperature)

(3)A hormoneimbalance known as adrenal insufficiency which can be caused by additions diseases.

(4) severe allergic reactions of any kind often called anaphylaxis.

(5) A very serious blood infection known as Sepsis.

(6) low level of oxygen in blood.

Sign & Symptoms: -

(1) Dizziness

(2) Fainting

(3) Lack of concentration

(4) Blood Vision

(5) Nausea

(6) Cold clam Pale skin

(7) Rapid shallow breathing

(8) Fatigue

(9) Depression

(10)thirst

(11) chest pain or even heart attack

(12)shock

(13)syncopse (insufficient blood flow to the brain)

Diagnosis(investigation/tests):-

(1)Blood pressure chack

(2)CBC

(3)URINE CULTURE TEST

(4)X-REY

(5)STRESS TEST

(6)ULTRA SOUND

(7)ECG

(8)CT SCANS

(9)COLOR DOPLUR STUDEY

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:-

Dehydration is treated with fluids and minierals. Blood loss can be treated with iv fluids and Blood Transfusion. Stop hypertension treatment

Nursing Management:-

(1) Drink more fluids

(2)Avoid sudden movements.

(3) Eat small portions in multiple times.

(4) Drink freash Beetroot juices.

Complications:-

(1) SHOCK

(2)DEATH OF OCCARS

Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)Notes by the Nursing Information

FOLLOW ME ON FACEBOOK PAGE :- THE NURSING INFORMATION

FOLLOW ME ON INSTAGRAM PAGE :- THE NURSING INFORMATION

LOG IN OUR WEBSITE and follow me :- www.thenursinginformation.COM