What is monkeypox disease?
Monkeypox is a rare disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. Monkeypox virus is part of the same family of viruses as variola virus, the virus that causes smallpox. Monkeypox symptoms are similar to smallpox symptoms, but milder, and monkeypox is rarely fatal. Monkeypox is not related to chickenpox.
What are the signs and symptoms of monkeypox?
After exposure, it may be several days to a few weeks before you develop symptoms. Early signs of monkeypox include flu-like symptoms like:
Fever.
Chills.
Headache.
Muscle aches.
Fatigue.
Swollen lymph nodes.
How is monkeypox diagnosed?
Because monkeypox is rare, your healthcare provider may first suspect other rash illnesses, such as measles or chickenpox. But swollen lymph nodes usually distinguish monkeypox from other poxes.
To diagnose monkeypox, your healthcare provider takes a tissue sample from an open sore (lesion). Then they send it to a lab for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing (genetic fingerprinting). You may also need to give a blood sample to check for the monkeypox virus or antibodies your immune system makes to it.
Is monkeypox curable?
Monkeypox is usually a self-limited disease with symptoms lasting from two to four weeks. Most people with monkeypox get better on their own without treatment. Following diagnosis, your healthcare provider will monitor your condition and try to relieve your symptoms, prevent dehydration and give you antibiotics to treat secondary bacterial infections if they develop.
There’s currently not an approved antiviral treatment for monkeypox. Antiviral drugs may help, but they haven’t been studied as a treatment for monkeypox. Several investigational antivirals with activity against monkeypox are available, but only as part of a research study.
How do you prevent monkeypox virus?
A smallpox vaccine provides protection against monkeypox, but its use is currently limited to clinical trials. Prevention depends on decreasing human contact with infected animals and limiting person-to-person spread. The best way to help prevent spread the monkeypox virus is to:
(1)Avoid contact with infected animals (especially sick or dead animals).
(2)Avoid contact with bedding and other materials contaminated with the virus.
(3)Thoroughly cook all foods that contain animal meat or parts.
(4)Wash your hands frequently with soap and water.
(5)Avoid contact with people who may be infected with the virus.
(6)Practice safe sex, including the use of condoms and dental dams.
(7)Wear a mask that covers your mouth and nose when around others.
(8)Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces.
(9)Use personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for people infected with the virus.
How long does monkeypox last?
Monkeypox normally takes about two to four weeks to run its course. If you are exposed to monkeypox, your provider will monitor you until the rash resolves.
Is monkeypox fatal?
The less severe West African clade is causing the current world outbreak (2022). No one has died from this outbreak to date. But, monkeypox can lead to other problems (complications) like pneumonia and infections in your brain (encephalitis) or eyes, which can be fatal.
How do I take care of myself?
If have monkeypox symptoms, there are over-the-counter medications that can help you feel better, including:
(1)Pain relievers and fever reducers. Medicines like ibuprofen (Advil®, Motrin®) and acetaminophen (Tylenol®) can help you feel better.
(2)Oatmeal baths. Soaking in a warm bath with colloidal oatmeal can relieve the dry, itchy feeling that comes with skin rashes.
(3)Isolate yourself if you’re infected. Avoid contact with others until all your lesions have scabbed.
(4)Cover single or local lesions. Use gauze or bandages to limit spread to others and the environment.
(5)Take good care. It’s important to stay home and rest when you’re sick, wear a mask around others and drink plenty of fluids.
(6)Avoid contact with pets (especially rodents).
When should I see my healthcare provider?
Call your healthcare provider if you:
Feel sick with fever, aches or swollen lymph nodes.
Have a new rash or sores.
Have been in close contact with an infected person.
When should I go to the hospital?
Seek medical care if you develop the following symptoms:
Trouble breathing.
New or worsening chest pain.
Stiff neck.
Are confused or can’t think clearly.
Difficulty speaking or moving.
Loss of consciousness.
Seizures.
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